Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on mild cognitive impairment for older adults SHI Haonan,XIE Ying(),GUI Peijun,ZHANG Bo,CHEN Chen / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on cognitive function for old patients with mild cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 40 old inpatients with mild cognitive impairment in 2018 and 2019 were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and treatment group (n = 20). Both groups accepted routine medication (without cognitive drugs), and the treatment group accepted CES in addition, for eight weeks. They were assessed with modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) by two researchers single-blind before treatment, and four and eight weeks after treatment. The control group accepted free CES after trial.Results For MoCA score, the main effect was significant in time (F = 5.603, P = 0.007), not significant in group (F = 2.160, P = 0.150), and the effect of interaction was significant (F = 9.160, P < 0.001), which was more in the treatment group than in the control group. For MBI score, the main effects were not significant both in time (F = 0.322, P = 0.726) and in group (F = 0.009, P = 0.925), nor the effect of interaction (F = 0.322, P = 0.726). No adverse reactions occurred during CES intervention.Conclusion CES may be effective on mild cognitive impairment in old patients.

A importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica no vaginismo: uma revisão sistemática / The importance of physiotherapeutic intervention in vaginism: a systematic review

Objetivo: Descrever a importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica para mulheres com vaginismo. Fonte de dados: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Cinza, incluindo artigos nacionais e internacionais, sem delimitação temporal. Foram propostas para as buscas as seguintes palavras-chave e operadores boleanos: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], sendo esses posteriormente adequados para as demais bases que foram utilizadas nesta revisão sistemática. Seleção dos estudos: A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por três examinadores independentes. Coleta de dados: Inicialmente foram excluídos estudos com base no título, em seguida os resumos foram analisados e, dos 353 artigos encontrados inicialmente, quatro foram elegíveis para esta revisão. Síntese dos dados: Os artigos incluídos descreveram que o tratamento fisioterapêutico é de extrema importância para as mulheres com vaginismo, pois aumenta a força e o controle sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico, diminuindo os sintomas do vaginismo e promovendo o incremento da satisfação sexual. Conclusão: A intervenção fisioterapêutica é imprescindível para mulheres que apresentam vaginismo, tendo em vista que suas técnicas têm efetividade na prevenção e tratamento do vaginismo, além de promover melhora importante na qualidade de vida e na satisfação sexual das mulheres.(AU)

Objective: To describe the importance of physical therapy intervention for women with vaginismus. Data source: The SciELO, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Gray Literature databases were used, including national and international articles, without temporal delimitation. The following keywords and Boolean operators were proposed for the searches: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], which were later suitable for the other bases that were used in this systematic review. Study selection: Study selection was performed by three independent examiners. Data collection: Initially, studies were excluded based on the title, then the abstracts were analyzed and of the 353 articles found initially, 4 were eligible for this review. Data synthesis: The articles included described that physical therapy treatment is extremely important for women with vaginismus, as it increases strength and control over the pelvic floor muscles, decreasing the symptoms of vaginismus and promoting increased sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Physical therapy intervention is essential for women who have vaginismus, considering that its techniques are effective in preventing and treating vaginismus, in addition to promoting an important improvement in women's quality of life and sexual satisfaction.(AU)

Desenlaces de la electroterapia con biorretroalimentación en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo y antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia / Results of electrotherapy with biofeedback in women with stress urinary incontinence with a history of anti-incontinence surgery

Resumen OBJETIVO: Analizar los desenlaces en pacientes con y sin antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia tratadas con electroterapia y biorretroalimentación (biofeedback). Además, valorar con un cuestionario validado en español la disminución de los episodios de incontinencia y su repercusión en la calidad de vida. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, efectuado en dos grupos de pacientes: uno con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con tratamiento quirúrgico previo y el otro sin este antecedente. A los dos grupos se les administró electroterapia con biofeedback en 8 y 12 sesiones. La severidad se valoró con el Índice de Severidad de Sandvik y la disminución de los síntomas con la escala visual análoga y la mejoría percibida por la paciente. La calidad de vida se evaluó con el King's Health Questionnaire validado al español. RESULTADOS: Se analizó la situación de 68 pacientes: 20 con antecedente de cirugía incontinencia y 48 sin este antecedente. En ambos grupos se reportó disminución en la cantidad de episodios de incontinencia a partir de la octava sesión. En los dos grupos se registró un incremento estadísticamente significativo en la puntuación del King's Health Questionnaire en los dominios II, III y IV. En el grupo sin el antecedente de cirugía antiincontinencia se incrementó el puntaje de los dominios V y VII. CONCLUSIONES: La electroterapia asociada con biofeedback en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, con y sin tratamiento quirúrgico previo, no demostró diferencia en los desenlaces.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes in patients with and without a history of anti-incontinence surgery treated with electrotherapy and biofeedback. In addition, to assess with a validated questionnaire in Spanish the reduction of incontinence episodes and their impact on quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in two groups of patients: one with stress urinary incontinence with previous surgical treatment and the other without this history. Both groups were administered electrotherapy with biofeedback in 8 and 12 sessions. Severity was assessed with the Sandvik Severity Index and symptom reduction with the visual analog scale and the improvement perceived by the patient. Quality of life was assessed with the King´s Health Questionnaire validated in Spanish. RESULTS: The situation of 68 patients was analyzed: 20 with a history of incontinence surgery and 48 without this history. Both groups reported a decrease in the number of incontinence episodes after the eighth session. In both groups there was a statistically significant increase in the King´s Health Questionnaire score in domains II, III and IV. In the group without the history of anti-incontinence surgery, the score of domains V and VII increased. CONCLUSIONS: Electrotherapy associated with biofeedback in patients with stress urinary incontinence, with and without previous surgical treatment, showed no difference in outcomes.

Effect Of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy On Pain And Functional Disability Level Among Patients With Rotator Cuff Disease- A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Shoulder pain is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal pain and disability with rotator cuff disease was a common condition. The study aimed to assess the effect of TENS therapy on pain and functional disability level with rotator cuff disease patients. Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled with 1:1 allocation, open-label, the trial is done at Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Out Patient Departments, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria total of 76 patients (42 males,34 females) of rotator cuff disease were selected through total enumerative sampling, and block randomization with a block size of two is used to allocate treatments. The intervention was TENS therapy (high frequency (100Hz) with a pulse duration 120μsand low intensity (30- 40mA) for 20 minutes.) for consecutive five days plus standard treatment for the experimental group and standard treatment (Shoulder ROM, twice a day) as followed at AIIMS, Rishikesh to control group and Followed after completion of the treatment session. (after five days). SPADI scale is used for pain and functional disability level measurement. Results: A total of 70 patients (38 males and 32 females) were analyzed. The experimental and control group were homogenous in terms of total SPADI, disability and pain score (p>0.05). Median post-intervention total SPADI, disability and pain scores of the intervention group were significantly less as compared to the control group (p=0.000). No side- effects of treatment in any group. Conclusion: TENS therapy is an efficient therapy for patients experiencing rotator cuff disease Trial registration- CTRI/2018/09/015659

Acupuncture combined with cranial electrotherapy stimulation on generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients with GAD were randomized into an acupuncture+CES group, an acupuncture group, a CES group and a medication group, 50 cases in each one. In the medication group, patients were treated with tandospirone citrate tablet orally, 10 mg after breakfast, lunch and dinner respectively. In the CES group, CES was adopted by SCS brain electromedical instrument, 60 min each time, once a day. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Yintang (GV 29), Shenting (GV 24), etc., 30 min each time, once a day. In the acupuncture+CES group, CES was adopted before acupuncture. Treatment of sixty days was required in the 4 groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) and treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were observed, the clinical effect was evaluated, and the relapse of anxiety during follow-up of 1 year after treatment was recorded in the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of HAMA after treatment were decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with CES can effectively relieve the symptoms in patients with GAD, improve the quality of life, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and the relapse rate, and its clinical effect is obviously superior to the western medication, the simple application of acupuncture or CES.

Synergic Effects of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation with Sleep Hygiene in Patients with Chronic Insomnia

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) with sleep hygiene in patients with chronic insomnia. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, double-blinded, and randomized controlled trial. Twenty-seven patients with chronic insomnia were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups; cranial microcurrent therapy (MC) group and sham group. All patients received sleep hygiene education. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were measured at baseline (pre-treatment), and 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: In MC group, the PSQI and ISI showed a tendency to decrease consistently until 4 weeks of treatment. In sham group, PSQI and ISI initially decreased during the first 2 weeks, but it increased after 2 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that combination treatment of CES and sleep hygiene is more effective in treating chronic insomnia than sleep hygiene only as demonstrated by improvement and maintenance of sleep score for 1 month.

Low-Charge Electrotherapy in Geriatric Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Case Series

To examine the feasibility of low-charge electrotherapy (LCE) in treating geriatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Bi-temporal LCEs (approximately 25 mC) were performed with an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) instrument three times per week. We used the Hamilton Depression Scale 17 (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) to assess the effects of LCE and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate the cognitive function change before and after LCE. Six visits occurred at the baseline, after LCE sessions 3, 6, and 9, after the last session, and at the end of the one-month follow-up period. Four patients were enrolled in the study. Two patients completed all LCE sessions. Two patients withdrew during the trial, one due to the adverse event of uroschesis potentially caused by atropine and the other due to her own will. All four patients completed the follow-up sessions. The HAMD-17 and HAMA scores were reduced significantly at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with the scores at the baseline. As measured by the MMSE, cognitive impairment showed no significant changes at the last LCE session and the end of the follow-up period compared with that at the baseline. In this case series, LCE showed potential as an alternative current-based treatment for treating geriatric MDD patients. Further research is needed to assess the efficiency and safety of LCE.

Treating neuralgia after herpes zoster infection with pulsed radiofrequency electrotherapy combined with acupuncture or electroacupuncture / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of pulsed radiofrequency electrotherapy combined with acupuncture or electroacupuncture in treating neuralgia after herpes zoster infection.Methods Eighty-eight patients were divided into a control group,an electroacupuncture group,a pulsed electrotherapy group and a combined group using a random number table.The 4 groups were routinely given gabapentin and tramadol,while the electroacupuncture group was additionally treated with electroacupuncture,the pulsed electrotherapy group received radiofrequency irradiation of the dorsal root ganglion,and the combined group was given CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency electrotherapy combined with electroacupuncture or acupuncture.Before the treatment and 15 days and 1 month afterward,everyone was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity,the Hamilton anxiety (HAMA) and depression (HAMD) scales and the short form 36 (QOL-SF36) quality of life assessment.The area of painful skin was also measured.Results There were no significant differences among the 4 groups at the outset in any of the measurements.Significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements 15 and 30 days after the treatment except in the control group.The combined group was by then significantly better than the other 3 groups.Their dosage of gabapentin and tramadol had decreased significantly compared with the other groups after 3 months of treatment.Conclusion CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency electrotherapy combined with acupuncture or electroacupuncture is safe and effective for treating post-herpes neuralgia.It is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Effectiveness of Russian current in bone regeneration process in rats / Efetividade da corrente russa no processo de regeneração óssea em ratos

Abstract Introduction: Russian current is an electric current of average frequency that is able to restore the properties of skeletal muscle at a low treatment cost. It is essential to know the effects of Russian current in bone tissue, since electromagnetic energy could be an efficient and low cost method to treat bone disorders. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Russian current in the consolidation of tibia fracture in adult rats. Methods: 24 adult male Albinus Wistar rats wereused. The animals were divided randomly into two groups: control group (CG), composed of 12 animals, and Intervention Group (IG) consisting of 12 animals, both groups were submitted to osteotomy (proximal medial surface of the tibia). The IG underwent an electrical stimulation protocol with Russian current, while the CG did not undergo any kind of intervention. Euthanasia was performed in three animals of each group on the following days: 5, 10, 20, and 30 days of treatment. Results: The results suggested higher primary ossification, intense osteogenic activity, and increased thickness of the periosteum, characterizing more advanced ossification and a greater presence of trabecular bone marrow in rats in the group subjected to the treatment. In this way, we can assign one more beneficial effect to interventions with Russian current, for the treatment of postfracture rehabilitation. Conclusion: In both groups the bone tissue repair process occurred, but in the electrically stimulated group the osteogenesis process was more advanced.

Resumo Introdução: A corrente russa é uma corrente elétrica de média frequência que é capaz de restabelecer as propriedades do músculo esquelético a baixo custo de tratamento. É imprescindível conhecer os efeitos da corrente russa no tecido ósseo, visto que a energia eletromagnética pode ser uma forma eficiente e de menor custo para tratar alterações ósseas. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da corrente russa na consolidação de fratura experimental de tíbia em ratos adultos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos adultos Albinus Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos de forma randomizada em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), composto por 12 animais e Grupo Intervenção (GI) compostos por 12 animais, ambos os sofreram osteotomia (face medial proximal da tíbia). O GI foi submetido a um protocolo de eletroestimulação com corrente russa, enquanto o GC não sofreu nenhum tipo de intervenção. Foi realizada a eutanásia de três animais de cada grupo nos seguintes períodos: 5°, 10°, 20° e 30° dia de tratamento. Resultados: Os resultados sugeriram maior ossificação primária, intensa atividade osteogênica e aumento da espessura de periósteo, caracterizando assim uma ossificação mais avançada com maior presença de trabéculas na medula óssea no grupo de ratos submetidos ao tratamento. Desta forma, pode-se atribuir mais um efeito benéfico nas intervenções com corrente russa, para o tratamento de reabilitação pós-fratura. Conclusão: Em ambos os grupos analisados ocorreu processo de reparação tecidual ósseo, porém no grupo eletroestimulado o processo de osteogênese foi mais avançado.

Aplicação da drenagem linfática eletrônica em edemas de membros inferiores / Application of electronic lymphatic drainage in lower limb edema

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do Drenagem Linfática Eletrônica (DLE) em edemas de membros inferiores (MMII). A metodologia contou com 2 voluntários do gênero feminino com idade entre 21 e 25 anos, apresentando edemas nos MMII, os quais foram medidos por meio da fita métrica. O aparelho utilizado para realização deste estudo foi o Ciclus®. Foram realizadas as sessões de drenagem linfática eletrônica nos MMII, uma vez por semana, totalizando 10 sessões com duração de 50 minutos cada. Pode-se concluir neste estudo de caso que após a aplicação do aparelho de drenagem linfática eletrônica, houve uma redução significativa nos membros inferiores nos dois participantes do estudo. Porém é necessário realizações de mais estudos práticos com maiores números de participantes e principalmente no que se diz respeito a parâmetros e colocação dos eletrodos. (AU)

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the increase of lymphatic and venous return using electronic lymphatic drainage. The methodology included two female volunteers 20 to 30 years old, with edema of the lower limbs, measured with a metric tape. The equipment used for this study was the Ciclus®. The Electronic lymphatic drainage sessions were performed in the lower limbs once a week, totalling 10 sessions with 50 minutes each. We observed after the application of the electronic lymphatic drainage device a significant reduction in the lower limbs in the two participants. However, it is necessary to carry out more practical studies with larger numbers of participants and especially with regard to parameters and placement of the electrodes. (AU)

Criolipólise: pré e pós-tratamento eletroterapêutico / Cryolipolysis: pre and post electrotherapy

O tecido adiposo é formado por células chamadas adipócitos, podendo ser encontradas isoladas, em pequenos grupos ou agrupadas em grandes áreas do corpo, como no tecido subcutâneo. Independentemente de se fazer dieta e exercícios físicos é necessário um tratamento específico para elimina-las. A criolipólise é um tratamento não-invasivo e vem ganhando espaço no mercado estético por ser uma técnica que consiste na destruição das células de gordura sensíveis ao frio, através da morte adipocitária por apoptose, gerando assim no organismo um processo inflamatório, obtendo-se então a redução de medidas e melhorando também o contorno corporal. Para potencializar o tratamento da criolipólise, pode-se fazer uso da eletroterapia, que associada a outras técnicas promove diferentes estímulos na gordura, possibilitando sua eliminação. O objetivo desta revisão foi contribuir para melhor compreensão das associações terapêuticas à criolipólise de modo a auxiliar na potencialização dos resultados da técnica. Sendo assim, há necessidade de mais estudos em relação às associações para que se obtenha conhecimento científico, até mesmo podendo evitar resultados negativos citados nessa pesquisa. (AU)

The adipose tissue is formed by cells called adipocytes, and can be found isolated, in small groups or grouped in large areas of the body, as in the subcutaneous tissue. Regardless of dieting and physical exercise, a specific treatment is necessary to eliminate them. Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive treatment and has been gaining space in the aesthetic market because it is a technique that consists in the destruction of fat cells sensitive to cold, through the adipocitary death by apoptosis, thus generating in the body an inflammatory process, obtaining the reduction of measures and also improving the body contour. To potentiate the treatment of cryolipolysis, it is possible to use electrotherapy, which, together with other techniques, promotes different stimuli in the fat, allowing its elimination. The objective of this review was to contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic associations to cryolipolysis in order to help in the potentiation of the results of the technique. Therefore, there is a need for more studies in relation to the associations in order to obtain scientific knowledge, even avoiding the negative results mentioned in this review.

Effects of aerobic exercise training and cranial electrotherapy stimulation on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese middle-aged women: a pilot clinical trial / Efectos del entrenamiento aeróbico ejercicio y la estimulación eléctrica craneal sobre la hormona relacionada con el estrés, el factor neurotrófico y los estados de ánimo en mujeres obesas de mediana edad: Un ensayo clínico piloto

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Obesity, a global pandemic, has been reported as a potential cause of various diseases, including high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise and cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese women. Method: The subjects for this study were 36 obese middle-aged Korean women. Subjects were randomly divided into a control group (CON, n = 12), an aerobic exercise group (EX, n = 12), and an aerobic exercise and CES group (EX + CES, n = 12). CES was conducted with a micro current cranial electrotherapy stimulator for 20 minutes at 100 μA and 0.5 Hz. Aerobic exercise consisted of treadmill running for 40 minutes at 70% of the subjects' heart rate reserve (HRR). Mood state was measured by the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, and blood collection was performed to examine levels of stress-related hormones (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) before and after each intervention. Results: Plasma cortisol levels, as well as scores for Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, and Fatigue-Inertia were significantly decreased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p < .05). Serum BDNF levels, serum NGF levels, and Vigor-Activity scores were significantly increased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in these findings between the EX and EX+CES groups (p > .05). Discussion and conclusion: These results suggest that aerobic exercise training could improve the mood state of obese middle-aged women through a decrease in serum cortisol and an increase in serum BDNF and NGF.

RESUMEN: Introducción: La obesidad, una pandemia mundial, se ha reportado como una posible causa de diversas enfermedades, incluyendo presión arterial alta, diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar los efectos de ocho semanas de ejercicio aeróbico regular y la estimulación eléctrica craneal (CES) sobre la hormona relacionada con el estrés, el factor neurotrófico, y los estados de ánimo en mujeres obesas. Método: Los sujetos de este estudio fueron 36 mujeres coreanas de mediana edad con obesidad. Los sujetos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo control (CON, n = 12), un grupo de ejercicio aeróbico (EX, n = 12) y un grupo de ejercicio y CES aeróbico grupo (EX + CES, n = 12). CES se llevó a cabo con una corriente estimulador de electroterapia craneal micro durante 20 minutos a 100 μA y 0,5 Hz. El ejercicio aeróbico consistía en carrera en cinta rodante durante 40 minutos a 70% de reserva de frecuencia cardíaca de los sujetos (HRR). El estado de ánimo se midió por el perfil de los estados de ánimo (POMS), y la extracción de sangre se realizó para examinar los niveles de las hormonas relacionadas con el estrés (cortisol y la hormona adrenocorticotrópica [ACTH]) y factores neurotróficos (factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro [BDNF] y factor de crecimiento nervioso [NGF]) antes y después de cada intervención. Resultados: Los niveles de cortisol en plasma, así como las puntuaciones de tensión-ansiedad, depresión, abatimiento, y fatiga-inercia, se redujeron significativamente después de la intervención, en comparación con las mediciones previas a la intervención en los grupos EX y EX + CES (p < .05). Los niveles séricos de BDNF, los niveles de NGF en suero y las puntuaciones Vigor-Actividad aumentaron significativamente después de la intervención, en comparación con las mediciones previas a la intervención en los grupos EX y EX+CES (p < .05). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa en estos hallazgos entre la EX y los grupos EX + CES (p > .05). Discusión y conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento con ejercicio aeróbico podría mejorar el estado de ánimo de las mujeres obesas de mediana edad por medio de una disminución en el cortisol sérico y un aumento en el suero BDNF y NGF.

Efeitos da alta frequência no tratamento da acne vulgar em adolescentes / Effects of the high frequency in treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents

Introdução: O tratamento da acne é baseado no grau de acometimento e um dos principais métodos de higienização é a limpeza de pele associado ao uso da alta frequência. Objetivo: Realizar limpeza de pele com o uso da alta frequência para avaliar sua eficácia na cicatrização da acne vulgar em adolescentes. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados dez pacientes com acne vulgar grau II divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: G1 realizou limpeza de pele com aplicação da alta frequência e G2 realizou a conduta do G1, mas no lugar da alta frequência, aplicação de gel calmante. Os pacientes foram avaliados clínico-fotograficamente pelo programa Image J, quanto à qualidade de vida por meio do questionário The Cardiff Acne Desability Index I (CADI) e satisfação pessoal pela EVA modificada. Resultados: Na avaliação clínico-fotográfica, não houve melhora significativa comparando pré e pós-tratamento em nenhum dos grupos. Porém, na avaliação da qualidade de vida por meio do CADI, houve melhora significativa no G1 (p < 0,04) e no G2 (p < 0,01) na comparação pré e pós-tratamento. Na avaliação de satisfação pós-tratamento, os dois grupos apresentaram alto escore de satisfação, porém não houve diferença entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos apresentaram melhora na qualidade de vida e no grau de satisfação com o tratamento, portanto a utilização da alta frequência no tratamento de acne apresentou efeitos semelhantes ao grupo controle. (AU)

Introduction: The treatment of acne is based on the degree of impairment, and one of the main methods is the cleaning of the skin associated with the use of high frequency. Objective: To perform the cleansing of skin with high frequency to evaluate effectiveness in the healing of acne vulgaris in adolescents. Methods: 10 patients were selected with acne vulgaris grade II and randomly divided into two groups: G1 performed facials with application of high frequency and G2 performed the conduct of the G1, but in place of high-frequency used application of soothing gel. Patients were evaluated clinically, photographically by Image J program, the quality of life questionnaire through The Cardiff Acne Desability Index I (CADI) and personal satisfaction by the modified EVA. Results: The clinical and photographic assessment showed no significant improvement between pre and post treatment in both groups. However, when we evaluate quality of life through CADI, a significant improvement in G1 (p < 0.04) and G2 (p < 0.01) was found comparing pre and post treatment. Evaluation of satisfaction after treatment showed high satisfaction for both group, but there is no difference between groups. Conclusion: The results of both groups showed improvement in quality of life and satisfaction with treatment, therefore, the use of high frequency in the treatment of acne showed similar effects in the control group.(AU)

Radiofrecuencia vs Corriente Farádica en la rehabilitación funcional de pacientes con parálisis facial periférica / Radiofrequency vs muscular Faradization to functional rehabilitation of peripheral facial paralysis patients

Introducción: La radiofrecuencia es una técnica nueva, que ha teniendo grandes resultados en la rehabilitación funcional de otras patologías neurológicas. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de la radiofrecuencia y la corriente farádica, en el manejo fisioterapéutico de la parálisis facial aguda periférica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ensayo clínico aleatorizado de verificación de equivalencia terapéutica entre la Radiofrecuencia versus la Corriente Farádica, en la rehabilitación funcional de la parálisis facial periférica; con una muestra compuesta por 60 personas entre 20 y 40 años de ambos sexos; divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos homogéneos, de 30 pacientes por grupo; utilizándose la Radiofrecuencia (dosificación G2 y G3) en uno de ellos y las Corrientes farádicas (intensidad de tolerancia del paciente de 5 a 35 HZ) en el otro. Resultados: El 94% de los signos propios de la parálisis facial desaparecieron con la radiofrecuencia, y solo el 66% con corrientes farádicas. En todos los casos las diferencias estadísticas fueron significativas con un valor de p=<0001, evaluados mediante la prueba deT de Student. Conclusiones: La técnica de radiofrecuencia es de mayor eficacia en relación con las corrientes farádicas aplicada en pacientes con parálisis facial periférica.

Introduction: Radiofrequency is a new technique, which has had great results in the functional rehabilitation of other neurological pathologies. Objective: To compare of radiofrequency and muscular faradization efficacy; in the physiotherapeutic functional rehabilitation for acute peripheral facial paralysis. Materials and methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial of therapeutic equivalence verification, between Radiofrequency versus muscular faradization, in the functional rehabilitation of peripheral facial paralysis; With a sample composed of 60 people, between 20 and 40 years of both sexes; Divided randomly into 2 homogeneous groups of 30 patients per group; Using Radiofrequency (G2 and G3 dosing) in one, and muscular faradization (patient tolerance intensity of 5 to 35 HZ) in the other. Results: 94% of signs to facial paralysis disappeared with radiofrequency, and only 66% with muscular faradization. In all cases the statistical differences were significant with a p-value= <0001, evaluated by t-Student test. Conclusions: Radiofrequency technique is more effective in relation to muscular faradization applied in patients with peripheral facial paralysis.

Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Combined with Biofeedback Therapy in Patients with Functional Constipation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A large number of studies have shown that function constipation (FC) has an extremely high incidence of mental and psychological disorders. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) was applied to the treatment of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. We explored the effects of CES combined with biofeedback therapy (BFT) on the psychological state, clinical symptoms, and anorectal function in patients with FC. METHODS: A total of 74 patients with FC were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group received BFT. CES combined with BFT was carried out in the experiment group. All patients were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Wexner constipation score at baseline and the end of each course. Anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion tests were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the participants in the experiment group had significantly lower score SAS, SDS, and Wexner constipation scores than the control group (all P < 0.05). The number of successful expulsion in the experiment group was larger than the control group (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: CES combined with BFT was effective in improving the psychological status of anxiety, depression, and bowel symptoms in patients with FC.

Skinfold thickness affects the isometric knee extension torque evoked by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous adipose tissue may influence the transmission of electrical stimuli through to the skin, thus affecting both evoked torque and comfort perception associated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). This could seriously affect the effectiveness of NMES for either rehabilitation or sports purposes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of skinfold thickness (SFT) on maximal NMES current intensity, NMES-evoked torque, and NMES-induced discomfort. METHOD: First, we compared NMES current intensity, NMES-induced discomfort, and NMES-evoked torque between two subgroups of subjects with thicker (n=10; 20.7 mm) vs. thinner (n=10; 29.4 mm) SFT. Second, we correlated SFT to NMES current intensity, NMES-induced discomfort, and NMES-evoked knee extension torque in 20 healthy women. The NMES-evoked torque was normalized to the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque. The discomfort induced by NMES was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: NMES-evoked torque was 27.5% lower in subjects with thicker SFT (p=0.01) while maximal current intensity was 24.2% lower in subjects with thinner SFT (p=0.01). A positive correlation was found between current intensity and SFT (r=0.540, p=0.017). A negative correlation was found between NMES-evoked torque and SFT (r=-0.563, p=0.012). No significant correlation was observed between discomfort scores and SFT (rs=0.15, p=0.53). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue (as reflected by skinfold thickness) affected NMES current intensity and NMES-evoked torque, but had no effect on discomfort perception. Our findings may help physical therapists to better understand the impact of SFT on NMES and to design more rational stimulation strategies.

The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy combined with psychological intervention in treating post-stroke depression / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy combined with psychological intervention for treating depression after cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty persons diagnosed with depression after cerebral infarction were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training and psychological intervention, but the treatment group also received microcurrent transcranial electrical stimulation treatment.All the patients were evaluated with Hamilton's depression scale (HAMD) and the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and given Barthel index (BI) scores before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of any of the measures before treatment.After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups had improved significantly, but the improvements on all measures were significantly better in the treatment group.Conclusion Cranial electrotherapy combined with psychological intervention can significantly improve symptoms of depression and cognitive function in patients with post-stroke depression, and play an important role in improving their daily life.

Efeitos da crioterapia vs correntes diadinâmicas na redução do edema de pata em ratas / Effects of cryotherapy vs diadynamic currents on the reduction of the rats paw edema

O edema inflamatório agudo é considerado um problema para a reabilitação, pois acarreta perda da mobilidade e dor, comprometendo a funcionalidade do indivíduo, sendo importante sua diminuição pós-lesão. O presente estudo comparou os efeitos da crioterapia e das correntes diadinâmicas de Bernard (CDB) na redução de edema induzido experimentalmente. O experimento incluiu 15 ratas Wistar com 256,16 ± 15,48 g, divididas em três grupos constituídos de 5 animais cada, sendo G1, G2 e G3. Foi realizado a hidropletismografia da pata direita de cada animal, seguida da indução do edema em todos os animais com carragenina 1% e solução salina 0,9%. Os animais foram reavaliados após 60; 120 e 180 minutos da indução do edema e após o tratamento. Os animais do G1 foram tratados através da crioterapia via imersão por 10 minutos; G2, submetidos à aplicação das CDB utilizando as correntes difásica, monofásica e curtos períodos, por 9 minutos e G3 representou o grupo controle. Para G1, o volume deslocado inicialmente foi 1,68 ± 0,18 ml; após 180 minutos 2,8 ± 0,28; e após o tratamento com crioterapia 2,4 ± 0,28 ml. Para G2, os valores foram 1,76 ± 0,22; 2,72 ± 0,33; e posteriormente à aplicação das correntes, o valor foi 2,32 ± 0,33 ml. Para G3, os valores foram 1,6 ± 0; 3,04 ± 0,35; ao término do tratamento proposto para G1 e G2, o G3 apresentou 3,12 ± 0,33 ml. Os resultados demonstraram redução não significativa do edema comparando G1 e G2, porém apresentou diminuição significativa (p < 0,01), quando comparado G1 e G2 com o G3. As duas modalidades terapêuticas avaliadas foram eficazes na redução do edema induzido experimentalmente, no entanto não diferiram significativamente quando comparadas entre si.

Acute inflammatory edema is considered a problem for the rehabilitation; because it leads to mobility loss and pain endangering the individual functionality, being important its reduction at post-lesion phase. The present study compared the effects of cryotherapy and Bernard's Diadynamic Currents (BDC) on reduction of a pharmacologically induced edema. The trial included 15 Wistar female rats with 256.16 ± 15.48 g, divided into three groups: G1 under cryotherapy treatment through immersion for 10 minutes; G2 under BDC application using diphasic current, monophasic current and short periods for a nine minutes, and G3 as control group. The volume measurement of right paw of each animal followed by edema induction in all animals with 1% carragenin solution was carried out by hidropletismography. The animals were re-evaluated 60; 120; and 180 minutes after the edema induction and treatment. For animals of G1 group, initial dislocated volume was 1.68 ± 0.18 ml; after 180 minutes, 2.8 ± 0.28; and after cryotherapy treatment, 2.4 ± 0.28 ml. For G2, values were 1.76 ± 0.22; 2.72 ± 0.33; and after currents application, 2.32 ± 0.33 ml. For G3, values were 1.6 ± 0; 3.04 ± 0.35; at the end of treatment proposed to G1 and G2, G3 showed 3.12 ± 0.33 ml. The results showed non-significant reduction when comparing G1 and G2 groups; however, significant reduction (p < 0,01), was observed when comparing G1 and G2 with G3 group. Both therapeutic modalities were efficient in reducing the pharmacologically induced edema, although they did not significantly differ when compared each other.